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Dampness and Inadequate Ventilation are Two
Causes
of Microbial Pollution
From the World Health Organization in
its report WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air
Quality: Dampness and Mould, published July 16, 2009
The presence of many
biological agents in indoor environments is
attributable to dampness and
inadequate ventilation. Excess moisture on almost all indoor
materials leads to growth of microbes,
such as mould, fungi and bacteria, which
subsequently emit spores, cells, fragments
and volatile organic compounds into
indoor air. Moreover, dampness initiates
chemical or biological degradation of materials,
which also pollute indoor air. Dampness has therefore been suggested
to be strong, consistent indicator of risk
of asthma and respiratory symptoms
(e.g. cough and wheeze). The health risks of biological contaminants of
indoor air could thus be addressed
by considering dampness as the risk indicator.
Several widely acknowledged global trends
contribute to the conditions associated
with increased exposure to dampness and
mould:
►energy
conservation measures that
are not properly implemented (tightened
building envelopes, ventilation deficits,
improper insulation);
►urbanization (migration, building type
and density, urban degradation, housing
availability and
social inequity);
►climate change
(increasing frequency of extreme weather conditions,
shifting of
climate zones); and
►the quality and globalization of
building materials and components,
construction concepts and
techniques.
These conditions
increase the risks of adverse health effects due to biological
contaminants of indoor air.
Airborne Mold Spores
(colony-forming units)
The airborne concentrations of viable fungi in indoor environments
are usually in the order of a few to several thousand colony-forming units (CFUs)
per cubic metre of air. In a given space,
concentrations of fungi are highly variable and depend on such factors as:
climate and season, type of fungus, construction, age and use of the
building, and ventilation rate. They also depend largely on the sampling and
analytical methods used, making valid comparisons between studies difficult.
------from the World Health Organization in
its report WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air
Quality: Dampness and Mould,
published July 16, 2009
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